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The report presents findings from a large-scale survey of academic researchers outside the EU. It sheds light on global differences in higher education systems, such as with respect to the organisation of PhD studies, career paths and systems, working conditions, international, intersectoral and interdisciplinary mobility as well as with respect to differences in the perception of attractiveness.

Through a large-scale survey, MORE3 analyses what researchers find important in their careers and mobility, to what extent they still face barriers for mobility and career progression and which impact policy measures have on these aspects. The study shows that there is something like a global mind-set on what makes for an attractive research career (in academia) and that these global factors are mainly research job characteristics that influence a researcher's scientific productivity (e.g., international networking, career perspectives and working with high quality peers). Further, intersectoral mobility between higher education institutions and firms are regarded as less important for recruitment or career progression in academia than international and interdisciplinary mobility. However, there is at the same time discrepancy between this "global awareness" on what matters for successful research careers and the observation that national differences in research systems gives rise to varying perceptions of attractiveness between countries, as well as varying patterns of international mobility, including asymmetric mobility or brain drain. This is not only pertinent at the global level between high-income countries with strong research systems and lower-income countries with weaker research systems, but also at the European level. The findings emphasise a need for a stronger policy focus on boosting conditions for scientific productivity in all EU member countries and at EU level to foster symmetric mobility and brain circulation.

MORE III updates the first two MORE studies. It conducts large-scale surveys among researchers residing in the EU and working outside of the EU. It uses the information to investigate geographic and intersectoral mobility patterns of researchers, building indicators on the stock and flow of researchers in academia. It also investigates the attractiveness of the EU as a research location, analysing the key factors which make a location attractive for researchers.

MORE4 updates the first three MORE studies. It conducts large-scale surveys among researchers residing in the EU and working outside of the EU. It uses the information to investigate geographic and intersectoral mobility patterns of researchers, building indicators on the stock and flow of researchers in academia. It also investigates the attractiveness of the EU as a research location, analysing the key factors which make a location attractive for researchers.